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%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف
Letter of marque
![Drake viewing treasure taken from a Spanish ship, print<ref>[http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=714871&imageID=831578&word=drake%20treasure&s=1¬word=&d=&c=&f=&k=0&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&total=1&num=0&imgs=20&pNum=&pos=1 from the Digital Gallery], New York Public Library (Drake/treasure)</ref> courtesy [[New York Public Library]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Drake-treasure.jpeg?width=200 "Drake viewing treasure taken from a Spanish ship, print<ref>[http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=714871&imageID=831578&word=drake%20treasure&s=1¬word=&d=&c=&f=&k=0&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&total=1&num=0&imgs=20&pNum=&pos=1 from the Digital Gallery], New York Public Library (Drake/treasure)</ref> courtesy [[New York Public Library]]")
![gibbet]] over the [[Thames]], the result of confusion over whether Captain Kidd took prizes legally under a letter of marque, or illegally as a pirate.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hanging of William Kidd.jpg?width=200 "gibbet]] over the [[Thames]], the result of confusion over whether Captain Kidd took prizes legally under a letter of marque, or illegally as a pirate.")
![Letter of marque given to Captain [[Antoine Bollo]] via the shipowner Dominique Malfino from [[Genoa]], owner of the ''Furet'', a 15-tonne privateer, 27 February 1809](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lettre-de-marque2.png?width=200 "Letter of marque given to Captain [[Antoine Bollo]] via the shipowner Dominique Malfino from [[Genoa]], owner of the ''Furet'', a 15-tonne privateer, 27 February 1809")
GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORIZATION OF PRIVATEERING
Letters of marque; Letter of marque and reprisal; Letters of marque and reprisal; Letter of Marque and Reprisal; Letter of Marque; Marque and reprisal; Letter-of-marque; Letter of Marquee; Letters of Marque; Letters of Marque and Reprisal; Letters of mark and reprisal; Letter of marquee; Lettre de marque; Lettres de marque; Letter of mark; Lettre de Course; Lettre de Marque; Letter Of Marque; Letters Of Marque; Letter de course; Lettre de course
A letter of marque and reprisal () was a government license in the Age of Sail that authorized a private person, known as a privateer or corsair, to attack and capture vessels of a nation at war with the issuer. After capturing, the privateers could bring the case of that prize before their own admiralty court for condemnation and transfer of ownership to the privateer.
letter of marque
GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORIZATION OF PRIVATEERING
Letters of marque; Letter of marque and reprisal; Letters of marque and reprisal; Letter of Marque and Reprisal; Letter of Marque; Marque and reprisal; Letter-of-marque; Letter of Marquee; Letters of Marque; Letters of Marque and Reprisal; Letters of mark and reprisal; Letter of marquee; Lettre de marque; Lettres de marque; Letter of mark; Lettre de Course; Lettre de Marque; Letter Of Marque; Letters Of Marque; Letter de course; Lettre de course
¦ noun historical a licence to fit out an armed vessel and use it in the capture of enemy merchant shipping and to commit acts which would otherwise have constituted piracy.
Origin
ME: Law Fr. marque, from OFr. marque 'right of reprisal'.
The Letter of Marque
NOVEL BY PATRICK O'BRIAN
The Letter of Marque is the twelfth historical novel in the Aubrey–Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian, first published in 1988. The story is set during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812.
